Attā, Anattā

Renderings

• attā (noun): ego

• attā (noun): aspect of yourself

• attā (noun): [absolute] Selfhood

• attā (adjective): endowed with personal qualities

• attā (pronoun): myself; yourself; himself; themselves; oneself

• attā (stressed pronoun): he himself; you yourself

• anattā (noun): the voidness of personal qualities [in things]

• anattā (adjective): void of personal qualities

Introduction

Explaining unconditionality: Chachakka Sutta

The Chachakka Sutta (M.3.282) says that the arising and disappearance of the six senses are discernable (uppādo pi vayo pi paññāyati), and that he for whom arising and disappearance is discernable in something they regard as endowed with personal qualities would be forced to the conclusion that ‘My [absolute] Selfhood arises and disappears’ (attā me uppajjati ca veti cā ti). Thus the six senses are void of personal qualities.

The arguments used in this and the two following paragraphs are only meaningful if Selfhood is understood to be unconditional. Though attā iscommonly rendered as ‘Self’ or ‘soul’ these renderings obscure the important connotations of anattā: ungovernability, unlastingness and inherent unsatisfactoriness. Hence our term ‘[absolute] Selfhood.’

Explaining unconditionality: Pañcavaggiya Sutta

The Pañcavaggiya Sutta (S.3.66-7) says that if the five aggregates were endowed with personal qualities they would not lead to affliction (ābādhāya saṃvatteyya) and one could command them: ‘Be thus! Be not thus!’ One could have them unconditionally according to one’s will. The Buddha compared this to a claim a king might make concerning ‘his own realm’ (sakasmiṃ vijite) where he has the power to punish criminals as he wishes, but outside his realm he has no such power (M.1.230). Likewise the five aggregates are outside one’s realm. They are ours conditionally not unconditionally. They cannot be regarded as endowed with personal qualities because they do not accord unconditionally with one’s will.

Explaining unconditionality: Udāyī Sutta

In the Udāyī Sutta, Venerable Ānanda explained that viññāṇa cannot be regarded as endowed with personal qualities because it arises dependent on conditions. If the indispensible and necessary conditions for viññāṇa were to cease completely and totally without remainder (so ca hetu so ca paccayo sabbena sabbaṃ sabbathā sabbaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjheyya) viññāṇa would not be discerned. Thus viññāṇa is conditional, not unconditional. Therefore it is void of personal qualities (viññāṇaṃ anattā ti S.4.166).

Anattā (adjective): ‘void of personal qualities’

As an adjective, attā is rendered in this Glossary as ‘endowed with personal qualities,’ and anattā as ‘void of personal qualities’ because it is part of the argument yadanattā taṃ n’etaṃ mama n’eso’hamasmi na me so attā ti (S.4.1). This argument shows that yadanattā has a meaningbroad enough to cover n’etaṃ mama n’eso’hamasmi na me so attā ti. It covers all terms: “not [in reality] mine,” “not [in reality] what I am,” “not my [absolute] Selfhood.” Thus we say: What is void of personal qualities should be seen according to reality with perfect penetrative discernment as “not [in reality] mine,” “not [in reality] what I am,” “not my [absolute] Selfhood.”

Parenthesis: [in reality]

The parenthesis ‘[in reality]’ is justified because of attā‘s link to yathābhūtaṃ:

• What is void of personal qualities should be seen according to reality with perfect penetrative discernment as “not [in reality] mine,” “not [in reality] what I am,” “not my [absolute] Selfhood”
☸ yadanattā taṃ n’etaṃ mama n’eso’hamasmi na me so attā ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ (S.4.1).

Another example is this:

• He does not discern bodily form which is void of personal qualities according to reality, thus: ‘Bodily form is void of personal qualities.’
☸ anattaṃ rūpaṃ anattā rūpan ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti (S.3.114).

Inevitable link between the adjective and noun

The scriptures confirm the inevitable link between the adjective and noun:

1) For example, if something is anattā (void of personal qualities, adjective), it should be seen as not my attā ([absolute] Selfhood, noun: yadanattā taṃ n’etaṃ mama n’eso’hamasmi na me so attā ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ S.4.1).

2) To say that the senses are attā (endowed with personal qualities, adjective) is untenable because their arising and disappearance are discernable and one would be forced to the conclusion that ‘My attā ([absolute] Selfhood, noun) arises and disappears (M.3.282-4).

Distinguishing adjectives and nouns

It is sometimes difficult to distinguish adjectives and nouns in the scriptures; indeed, so difficult that DOP fails to recognise attā as an adjective at all. This is surprising. Not only does its predecessor, the PED, recognise the adjective, but also the DOP itself (under attan) translates the term attatthaṃ (S.2.29) as ‘one’s own interest or profit’ where ‘one’s own’ is adjectival. Bodhi also recognises that attā in attatthaṃ is an adjective and translates it ‘your own good.’ However, at M.3.282 both he and Horner do not recognise the adjective in the sentence cakkhuṃ attā ti yo vadeyya taṃ na upapajjati. This would be naturally rendered as ‘endowed with personal qualities’ but Bodhi and Horner render it as ‘self’:

• Bodhi: If anyone says, ‘The eye is self,’ that is not tenable.

• Horner: If anyone should say, ‘Eye is self,’ that is not fitting.

Although Ñāṇamoli agrees that attā can be adjectival (in Anattā According to the Theravāda) in the section on Derivation and Usage he overlooks the adjective form, and in his translations in the same essay he consistently calls it ‘not self.’ For example, he renders rūpaṃ anattā as ‘materiality is not self’ where we would say ‘is void of personal qualities.’ Therefore, it seems he considered the adjective form to be negligible.

Attā: paradoxical useage

Occasionally the Buddha used attā in a paradoxical way.

• He used it to indicate Ultimate Reality, one’s [absolute] Selfhood, but in conversation with young brahmans for whom this expression would be appropriate and meaningful (Vin.1.23): ‘What do you think, young men: which is better for you: that you seek for a woman, or that you seek for your [absolute] Selfhood?
☸ katamaṃ nu kho tumhākaṃ varaṃ yaṃ vā tumhe itthiṃ gaveseyyātha yaṃ vā attānaṃ gaveseyyāthā ti

• He used it as a manner of speech, saying that bhikkhus should abide spiritually self-reliant, and as refuges unto themselves (attadīpo viharati attasaraṇo D.2.100), which he explained meant practising satipaṭṭhānā and said that this was equivalent to abiding with the teaching as one’s island and refuge (dhammadīpo dhammasaraṇo).

• He said ‘a bhikkhu does not let his unmastered self be mastered by suffering (bhikkhu na heva anaddhabhūtaṃ attānaṃ dukkhena addhabhāveti M.2.223). It is consonant with the scriptures to take the advice as meaning that ‘the mind is intrinsically radiant: it is defiled by extrinsic defilements (pabhassaramidaṃ bhikkhave cittaṃ tañca kho āgantukehi upakkilesehi upakkiliṭṭhanti (A.1.10). ‘Unmastered self’ is a manner of speech.

Suffix -atta: redundant

The suffix –atta is usually redundant. For example, in pahitatto (‘resolutely applied’) and sukhitattā (‘happy’) in these passages:

1) Enthusiastically applying himself [to the teaching], he scrutinises [it].
☸ ussahitvā tuleti

… Having scrutinised [it], he strives [to practise it].
☸ tulayitvā padahati

… Being resolutely applied [to the practice] he realises with his very being the supreme truth, and he sees [the nature of reality] having penetrated it with discernment.
☸ pahitatto samāno kāyena ceva paramaṃ saccaṃ sacchikaroti paññāya ca naṃ paṭivijjha passati (M.1.480).

Comment: Here padahati is directly linked to its suffixed past participle, where the suffix is clearly shown to be redundant.

2) May they be happy.
☸ bhavantu sukhitattā (Sn.v.145).

Comment: PED (sv Sukhita) likewise calls sukhitattā ‘happy, easy.’ Norman says ‘happy-minded.’

Atta’s role as a suffix is not noted in the Pāli grammar books, nor in the dictionaries sv Atta, though Duroiselle says pahitatto means ‘resolute, whose mind is bent upon, literally directed towards,’ and ṭhitatto means ‘of firm mind’ (PGPL, para 555). Neither DOP nor PED mention ‘mind’ as a meaning of atta, but for anavositatta DOP says ‘whose mind has no firm convictions,’ and for susamāhitatto (sv su) PED says ‘of steadfast mind.’ PED adds ‘will,’ sv Pahita, saying pahitatta means ‘of resolute will’. PED also sometimes considers –atta redundant, for example in rendering ṭhitatto as ‘self-controlled, composed, steadfast,’ and sukhitatta as noted above. But if –atta means ‘mind’, then it is still redundant. What, after all, is the difference between ‘happy’ and ‘happy-minded’?

PED’s collection of –atta words is this:

ubbilāvitatta: rejoicing, exultancy, elation of mind

katatta: self-possessed, disciplined

khematta: one who is at peace

gatatta: self-perfected, perfect

ṭhitatto: self-controlled, composed, steadfast

pahitatta: of resolute will

yatatta: selfcontrolled, one whose heart is kept down

rakkhitatta: one who guards his character

vadhatta: self-destruction

vimuttatta: having an emancipated self

saṃyatattaṃ: having one’s self restrained, self-controlled

saṃvutatta: self-controlled

sukhitatta: happy, easy

susamāhitatto: of steadfast mind

Parenthesising anattā

Anattā usually has an object associated with it:

• He abides contemplating the voidness of personal qualities in all things.
☸ sabbadhammesu anattānupassī viharati (A.4.14).

• He abides contemplating the voidness of personal qualities in the six senses and their objects.
☸ imesu chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu anattānupassī viharati (A.5.109).

• the perception of the voidness of personal qualities in all originated phenomena.
☸ sabbasaṅkhāresu anattasaññaṃ (A.3.444).

Where anattā occurs without an object, the context sometimes shows what should be parenthesised, sometimes not:

• And what, Ānanda, is the perception of the voidness of personal qualities [in the six senses and their objects]. In this regard, Ānanda, a bhikkhu… reflects that the six senses and their objects are void of personal qualities.
☸ katamācānanda anattasaññā? Idhānanda bhikkhu… iti paṭisaṃcikkhati cakkhuṃ anattā rūpā anattā… mano anattā dhammā anattā ti)(A.5.109).

• In one who perceives the voidness of personal qualities [in all things], self-centredness is uprooted. He realises the Untroubled in this very lifetime
☸ anattasaññi asmimānasamugghātaṃ pāpuṇāti diṭṭheva dhamme nibbānaṃ ti (Ud.37).

Illustrations

Illustration: atto, ego

Clad in robes, I live the religious life without a home, with shaven head, with ego completely extinguished.
☸ saṅghāṭivāsī agaho carāmi nivuttakeso abhinibbutatto (Sn.v.456).

Illustration: attano, ego

Having heard my word, train yourself in the quenching of the ego.
☸ Ito sutvāna nigghosaṃ sikkhe nibbānamattano (Sn.v.1062).

Illustration: atto, ego

The seers of old had egos restrained.
☸ Isayo pubbakā āsuṃ saṃyatattā (Sn.v.284).

Illustration: attā, ego

Those who roam the world who are truly liberated [from individual existence], liberated from the perception of existence, spiritually perfected, with egos restrained.
☸ Ye ve asattā vicaranti loke akiñcanā kevalino yatattā (Sn.v.490).

Illustration: attā, ego

Walk on almsround through the streets with ego well-restrained.
☸ Susaṃvutatto visikhantare caraṃ (Sn.v.1119).

Illustration: attā, themselves

Those bhikkhus, either now or after my passing, who abide spiritually self-reliant, with themselves as their refuge, with no other refuge; relying completely on the teaching, with the teaching as their refuge, with no other refuge; it is these bhikkhus, Ānanda, who will be for me foremost amongst those desirous of the training.
☸ Ye hi keci ānanda etarahi vā mamaccaye vā attadīpā viharissanti attasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā dhammasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā tamatagge me te ānanda bhikkhu bhavissanti ye keci sikkhākāmāti (S.5.154).

Illustration: attā, you yourself; attānaṃ, yourself

There is no hiding place for the doer of unvirtuous deeds
Natthi loke raho nāma pāpakammaṃ pakubbato.

You yourself, man, know what is true or false.
Attā te purisa jānāti saccaṃ vā yadi vā musā.

Indeed, sir, you disdain the virtuous aspect of yourself which witnesses [all that you do].
Kalyāṇaṃ vata bho sakkhi attānaṃ atimaññasi.

You are [trying to] conceal from yourself unvirtuousness existing within yourself
Yo santaṃ attani pāpaṃ attānaṃ parigūhasi (A.1.149).

Illustration: attanā, yourself; myself; oneself; attā, himself

―Is there, Mallikā, anyone more beloved to you than yourself?
☸ atthi nu kho te mallike ko cañño attanā piyataro ti?

―There is no one, great king, more beloved to me than myself. But is there anyone, great king, more beloved to you than yourself?
☸ Natthi kho me mahārāja ko cañño attanā piyataro. Tuyhaṃ pana mahārāja atthañño koci attanā piyataro ti?

―For me too, Mallikā, there is no one more beloved to me than myself.
☸ Mayhampi kho mallike natthañño koci attanā piyataroti.

Then the Blessed One… recited this verse:

Having traversed all quarters with the mind,
☸ Sabbā disā anuparigamma cetasā

One finds nowhere anyone more beloved to oneself than oneself.
☸ Nevajjhagā piyataramattanā kvaci

Others hold themselves likewise beloved;
☸ Evaṃ piyo puthu attā paresaṃ

Hence one who loves himself should not harm others.
☸ Tasmā na hiṃse paraṃ attakāmo ti (S.1.75).

Illustration: attā, he himself; attānaṃ himself

If a bhikkhu does not fulfil the training in virtue, the Buddha said the Teacher criticises him, his discerning wise companions in the religious life criticise him, the devas criticise him, and he himself even criticises himself.
☸ attā pi attānaṃ upavadati (M.1.440).

Illustration: attānaṃ, himself

The Buddha said a bhikkhu should be straightforward and aboveboard presenting himself according to reality to his teachers and to his knowledgeable companions in the religious life (yathābhūtaṃ attānaṃ āvīkattā satthari vā viññūsu vā sabrahmacārīsu) (M.2.128).

Illustration: attā, themselves

Thus do noble young men declare their

[attainment of]

arahantship: the matter is spoken of without any reference to themselves.
☸ attho ca vutto attā ca anupanīto (A.3.359).

Illustration: attā, endowed with personal qualities

If bodily form was endowed with personal qualities (rūpañca hidaṃ bhikkhave attā abhavissa) it would not lead to affliction (ābādhāya saṃvatteyya) and it would be possible to demand of bodily form (labbhetha ca rūpe): ‘My bodily form: be thus! My bodily form: be not thus!’ (evaṃ me rūpaṃ hotu evaṃ me rūpaṃ mā ahosī ti). But because bodily form is void of personal qualities it leads to affliction (rūpaṃ anattā tasmā rūpaṃ ābādhāya saṃvattati) and it is not possible to demand of bodily form: ‘My bodily form: be thus! My bodily form: be not thus!’ (S.3.66-7).

Illustration: attā, himself; [absolute] Selfhood

Saccaka claimed that a person has the five aggregates as himself (rūpattāyaṃ purisapuggalo… viññāṇattāyaṃ… ). The Buddha asked if Saccaka was claiming the khandhas were “my [absolute] Selfhood”(rūpaṃ me attā… viññāṇaṃ me attā ti) and compared this to a claim a king might make concerning his own realm (sakasmiṃ vijite), where he has the power to punish criminals as he wishes. The Buddha asked whether Saccaka exercised any such power over the five aggregates so as to command them ‘Let them be thus, or not thus’ (vattati te tasmiṃ rūpe… viññāṇe vaso evaṃ me rūpaṃ… viññāṇaṃ hotu evaṃ me rūpaṃ… viññāṇaṃ mā ahosī ti). Saccaka agreed he did not (M.1.230).

Illustration: attā, endowed with personal qualities; [absolute] Selfhood

To say that the visual sense is endowed with personal qualities is untenable (cakkhuṃ attā ti yo vadeyya taṃ na upapajjati) because the arising and disappearance of the visual sense is discernable (cakkhussa uppādo pi vayo pi paññāyati) and he for whom arising and disappearance is discernable, would be forced to the conclusion that ‘My [absolute] Selfhood arises and disappears’ (attā me uppajjati ca veti cā ti). Thus the visual sense is void of personal qualities(iti cakkhuṃ anattā) (M.3.282; S.2.95).

Illustration: attā, [absolute] Selfhood

A disciple of mine… perceives all bodily form according to reality with perfect penetrative discernment as “not [in reality] mine,” “not [in reality] what I am,” “not my [absolute] Selfhood.”
☸ Idha aggivessana mama sāvako… sabbaṃ rūpaṃ n’etaṃ mama n’eso’hamasmi na me so attā ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passati (M.1.234-5).

Illustration: attā, [absolute] Selfhood

―Is what (rūpaṃ… viññāṇaṃ) is unlasting (aniccaṃ), intrinsically unsatisfactory (dukkhaṃ), and destined to change fit to be regarded thus:

this is “[in reality] mine”
☸ etaṃ mama

this is “[in reality] what I am”
☸ eso’hamasmi

this is “my [absolute] Selfhood”?
☸ eso me attā ti

―No, bhante (S.3.66-7).

Illustration: attā, [absolute] Selfhood

The Buddha said there are three types of sense impression: pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral (sukhaṃ vedanaṃ… dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ… adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ). If anyone experiences these sense impressions considering them to be “my [absolute] Selfhood” (eso me attā ti), then when they cease he would have to hold that ‘my [absolute] Selfhood has been shattered’ (vyaggo me attā ti). Therefore it is not suitable to hold sense impression is “my [absolute] Selfhood” (nakkhamati vedanā me attā ti samanupassituṃ) (D.2.67).

Illustration: attā, [absolute] Selfhood

―If there were no sense impression in any way, would there be the thought “I am this”?
☸ yattha panāvuso sabbaso vedayitaṃ natthi api nu kho tattha ayamahamasmī ti siyā ti

―No, bhante.

―Therefore this argument is invalid: Sense impression is not my [absolute] Selfhood. My [absolute] Selfhood is without sense impression.
☸ Tasmātihānanda etenapetaṃ nakkhamati na heva kho me vedanā attā appaṭisaṃvedano me attā ti samanupassituṃ (D.2.67).

Comment:

Claiming that “my [absolute] Selfhood is without sense impression” is to claim knowledge of something one is simultaneously claiming to be unaware of.

Illustration: attā, [absolute] Selfhood

There was once a number of non-Buddhist ascetics living around Sāvatthī. And they were of various dogmatic views, as follows:

• Eternal are the [absolute] Selfhood and the world [of beings]
☸ sassato attā ca loko ca

• Not eternal
☸ asassato attā ca loko ca

• Both eternal and not eternal
☸ sassato asassato attā ca loko ca

• Neither eternal nor not eternal
☸ neva sassato nāsassato attā ca loko ca

• Produced by oneself are the [absolute] Selfhood and the world [of beings]
☸ sayaṃ kato attā ca loko ca

• Produced by another
☸ paraṃ kato attā ca loko ca

• Produced by oneself and another
☸ sayaṃ kato paraṅkato attā ca loko ca

• Produced by neither oneself nor another. They have arisen spontaneously
☸ asayaṃ kāro aparaṅkāro adhiccasamuppanno attā ca loko ca

And they lived quarrelsome, cantankerous, contentious, stabbing each other with verbal daggers (Ud.70).

Illustration: attā, [absolute] Selfhood; anattā, void of personal qualities

When the ascetic Vacchagotta asked whether or not there is an [absolute] Selfhood (atthattā ti… natthattā ti) the Buddha refused to answer, because, as he later explained, if he had answered that:

• There is an [absolute] Selfhood, this would have been siding with those ascetics and Brahmanists who are eternalists.
☸ ye te ānanda samaṇabrāhmaṇā sassatavādā tesametaṃ laddhi abhavissa.

• There is no [absolute] Selfhood, this would have been siding with those ascetics and Brahmanists who are annihilationists.
☸ ye te ānanda samaṇabrāhmaṇā ucchedavādā tesametaṃ laddhi abhavissa.

• There is an [absolute] Selfhood, “would this have been consistent on my part with the arising of the knowledge that ‘all things are void of personal qualities’?”
☸ apinu me taṃ ānanda anulomaṃ abhavissa ñāṇassa uppādāya. Sabbe dhammā anattā ti no hetaṃ bhante.

• ‘There is no [absolute] Selfhood, “the ascetic Vacchagotta, already bewildered, would have become even more bewildered, thinking, ‘It seems that the [absolute] Selfhood I formerly had does not exist now.’”
☸ sammūḷhassa ānanda vacchagottassa paribbājakassa bhiyyo sammohāya abhavissa ahu vā me nūna pubbe attā so etarahi natthī ti (S.4.400).

Illustration: atta, [absolute] Selfhood

―Bhikkhus, you might well graspa theory of an [absolute] Selfhood which would not arouse grief, lamentation, physical pain, psychological pain, and vexation, but do you see any such theory?
☸ Taṃ bhikkhave attavādūpādānaṃ upādiyetha yaṃsa attavādūpādānaṃ upādiyato na uppajjeyyuṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā.

―No, bhante.

―Good, bhikkhus. I also see no such theory (-M.1.137).

Illustration: attā, [absolute] Selfhood

The ignorant Everyman improperly contemplates
☸ ayoniso manasikaroti

• Was I in the past?

• Was I not in the past?

• What was I in the past?

• How was I in the past?

• Having been what, what did I become in the past?

• Shall I be in the future?

• Shall I not be in the future?

• What shall I be in the future?

• How shall I be in the future?

• Having been what, what shall I become in the future?’

Or else he is uncertain about the present in regard to himself
☸ ajjhattaṃ kathaṅkathī hoti

• Am I?

• Am I not?

• What am I?

• How am I?

• Where has this being come from?

• Where will it go?

As he improperly contemplates in this way, one of six dogmatic views arise in him as real and actual:
☸ channaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ aññatarā diṭṭhi uppajjati

• I have an [absolute] Selfhood
☸ atthi me attā ti vā’ssa saccato thetato diṭṭhi uppajjati

• I do not have an [absolute] Selfhood
☸ natthi me attā ti vā’ssa saccato thetato diṭṭhi uppajjati

• I perceive an [absolute] Selfhood with an

[absolute]

Selfhood
☸ attanā’va attānaṃ sañjānāmī ti vā’ssa saccato thetato diṭṭhi uppajjati

• I perceive what is not an [absolute] Selfhood with an [absolute] Selfhood
☸ attanā’va anattānaṃ sañjānāmī ti vā’ssa saccato thetato diṭṭhi uppajjati

• I perceive an [absolute] Selfhood with what is not an [absolute] Selfhood
☸ anattanā’va attānaṃ sañjānāmī ti vā’ssa saccato thetato diṭṭhi uppajjati

or else he has a view like this:
Atha vā pana’ssa evaṃ diṭṭhi hoti

• It is this [absolute] Selfhood of mine that speaks and experiences and feels here and there the karmic consequences of meritorious and demeritorious deeds; and this [absolute] Selfhood of mine is everlasting, enduring, eternal, of an unchangeable nature, and will endure like unto eternity itself.
☸ yo me ayaṃ attā vado vedeyyo tatra tatra kalyāṇapāpakānaṃ kammānaṃ vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. So kho pana me ayaṃ attā nicco dhuvo sassato avipariṇāmadhammo sassatisamaṃ tatheva ṭhassatī ti (M.1.8).

Illustration: attā, [absolute] Selfhood

From the time Ānanda when a bhikkhu
☸ yato kho panānanda bhikkhu

no longer regards sense impression to be the [absolute] Selfhood,
☸ neva vedanaṃ attānaṃ samanupassati

or considers that “my [absolute] Selfhood is without sense impression,”
☸ no pi appaṭisaṃvedanaṃ attānaṃ samanupassati

or considers “my [absolute] Selfhood experiences”
☸ no pi attā me vediyati

or considers “my [absolute] Selfhood is subject to sense impression,”
☸ vedanādhammo hi me attā ti samanupassati  

by not so regarding he does not grasp anything in the world [of phenomena].
☸ so evaṃ asamanupassanto na ca kiñci loke upādiyati

Thus he is not agitated.
☸ anupādiyaṃ na paritassati

Being not agitated, he realises the Untroubled for himself.
☸ aparitassaṃ paccattaṃ yeva parinibbāyissati (D.2.68).

Illustration: anatta, the voidness of personal qualities

[in the six senses and their objects]

; anattā, void of personal qualities

And what, Ānanda, is the perception of the voidness of personal qualities [in the six senses and their objects]
☸ katamācānanda anattasaññā?

In this regard, Ānanda, a bhikkhu… reflects that the six senses and their objects are void of personal qualities
☸ iti paṭisaṃcikkhati cakkhuṃ anattā rūpā anattā… mano anattā dhammā anattā ti)(A.5.109).

Illustration: anattā, void of personal qualities

Bhikkhus, the visual sense is unlasting. What is unlasting is intrinsically unsatisfactory. What is intrinsically unsatisfactory is void of personal qualities.
☸ Cakkhuṃ bhikkhave aniccaṃ. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ; yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā (S.4.1).